How Does Modern Air Conditioning Work

How Does Modern Air Conditioning Work

by

Jason Stern

As of 2010, 20% of the annual electricity conception of the U.S. residential sector has been attributed to overt air conditioning use. For the commercial segment, the overall cost was tallied at 13%. If this indicates anything, it is the fact that air conditioners are very popular in the country. This comes as no surprise since the device was perfected by an American engineer. And with the extreme changes in temperature, people, now more than ever, have relied on these equipment to make their homes more accommodating.

Electrical air conditioning was first introduced in 1902 by Willis Haviland Carrier. But the concept has been in existence in ancient Rome, with the use of aqueduct water on walls to cool down rooms during humid seasons. With further developments air conditioners today now run through a refrigeration cycle, which involves three phases – owing to the fact that the machine has three major parts. The process is pretty much the same as what happens in refrigerators. The only difference is, instead of cooling a small enclosed space, air conditioners work on bigger areas. What happens is, when the AC is turned on, a motor is animated, sending air conditioner chemicals to the compressor. Upon reaching it, the compressor squeezes the fluid, making it a hot, high pressure gas. And then, it sends it to the condenser, where the heat is dispersed from the chemical. When it leaves the condenser, the chemical is again in liquid form but with a characteristically high pressure. Subsequently, it enters the evaporator where it is turned into gas. And after the vents collect air and lead it down a tube to the evaporator, the gas extracts heat from its surrounding, releasing only cool air into the environment. And then, the low pressure, liquid chemical makes its way back to the compressor again to start another cycle. Now, the fan connected to the evaporator circulates the air inside the room. And since hot air is lighter, it rises and leaves cool air to dwell on the surface. This whole process continues again and again until the room reaches the right temperature. If there is a thermostat feature on the AC, it will be turned off. And once the room warms back up again, the machinery is repowered to keep the temperature at a comfortable measurement. Now, with the elimination of heat, one would question the availability of humidity when using air conditioners. True, air conditioning does lower humidity with the evaporator removing water vapour from the cooled space, making it a bit hard for anyone to breathe. But there are comfort air conditioners today designed to retain 40% to 60% humidity in the environment to facilitate better biological functioning. Other essential parts of the air conditioner are the thermal expansion valve that allows users to control how cold the air produced should be, as well as the drier, which basically serves a fail-safe for any chemical leakage. Despite the fact that air conditioners come in four different forms – the window through wall, the evaporation coolers, absorptive chillers and the central air conditioners – the design concept behind it remain congruent.

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